Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Nephropharmacology 2345-4202 14 2 2025 07 01 Air pollution and kidney disease; a comprehensive updated overview of recent evidence on functional and structural alterations e12789 e12789 10.34172/npj.2025.12789 EN Iman Ghasemzadeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6694-7243 Mohadeseh Javadi https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9812-1404 Pourya Bagherian Kenari https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9627-6606 Ali Emadzadeh https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7311-1164 Meysam Ziaei Mehr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4643-7748 Elham Ahmadipour https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9662-2183 Hossein Mardanparvar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7455-5373 Seyedeh Arefeh Javadi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3901-8114 Journal Article 10.34172/npj.2025.12789 2025 04 08 2025 06 02 The association between air pollution and renal health has gained increasing attention in recent years, with evidence suggesting that prolonged exposure to air pollution poses significant threats to both renal function and structural integrity of kidneys, with both immediate and long-term consequences on kidney health. Studies have indicated that various air pollutants are linked to the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other renal disorders. The evidence links short-term increases in pollutant concentrations to declines in glomerular filtration rates, while long-term exposure is associated with a heightened risk of CKD and structural damage to renal tissues. The mechanisms through which air pollution impacts renal health, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and direct nephrotoxicity highlight the urgent need for public health policies aimed at improving air quality and protecting kidney health. The evidence emphasizes air pollution as a critical environmental risk factor contributing to kidney diseases globally.