Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Nephropharmacology 2345-4202 12 1 2023 01 01 Systemic lupus erythematosus following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; a review of literature e10564 e10564 10.34172/npj.2022.10564 EN Leila Mahmoudnia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0495-4683 Bijan Roshan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-4821 Hamid Reza Jahantigh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-7510 Zahra Mojtahedi Oscar F Borja Montes Tella Sadighpour https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-3339 Mohammadreza Khosravifarsani https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4271-7846 Journal Article 10.34172/npj.2022.10564 2022 08 01 2022 10 22 From March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged public health and healthcare systems worldwide. Viral infection is one of the environmental factors that has been associated with the development, relapse, or exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE patients are at an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of immune system dysfunction related to their disease as well as immunosuppression medications. So far, the most effective way to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hospitalization and death is vaccination. On the other hand, SLE patients present distinct challenges related to the safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We have reviewed some reports on the onset or flare of SLE post-COVID-19 vaccination. Of note, the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are associated with increased SLE disease activity, more frequently than the other types of COVID-19 vaccines.