Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Journal of Nephropharmacology 2345-4202 12 1 2023 01 01 Recurrence of rare disease after kidney transplant e10519 e10519 10.34172/npj.2022.10519 EN Farahnoosh Farnood https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-6881 Seyyedeh Mina Hejazian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-9581 Kamal Boostani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7370-547X Alireza Mardomi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8422-8448 Mohammadreza Ardalan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6851-5460 Journal Article 10.34172/npj.2022.10519 2022 07 25 2022 09 18 The incidence of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) by rare etiologies is growing along with other CKDs. This mini-review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of rare kidney disease recurrence after kidney transplantation (KTx) including primary hyperoxaluria (PH), adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT), C3 glomerulopathy (C3 GP), and fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN). It was shown that PH, like acute rejection, causes delayed graft function, confusing the physicians. Moreover, C3 GP is more prevalent than FGN among kidney transplant patients. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor rare diseases (RDs) before KTx in patients with any history of bilateral nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis.